What are HPV infections?and what are the symptoms of hpv infection?

 Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a papillomavirus that infects the skin and mucous membranes of humans. It is much more dangerous for women than for men. About 130 types of HPV have been identified. Some types of HPV cause warts (verrucae), some cause cancer, and some have no symptoms.

What are the signs of hpv infection

1. Most people who are infected with HPV do not know they have the virus. 

2.About 30 to 40 types of HPV are usually transmitted through sexual contact and infect the genital area. Some sexually transmitted types of HPV can cause genital warts. Long-term infection with "high-risk" types of HPV other than those that cause warts can progress to precancerous lesions and invasive carcinoma. 

3.HPV infection is the cause of almost all cases of cervical cancer. 

 However, most of these types do not cause disease.

4.A cervical Pap smear is taken to detect tissue changes. This allows precise surgical removal of condylomatous and / or potentially precancerous lesions before the development of aggressive cervical cancer. Although the proliferation of Pap tests has reduced the incidence and fatality of cervical cancer in developed countries, the disease still kills several hundred thousand women a year worldwide.

5. HPV vaccines, Gardasil, and Cervarix, which prevent infection with some of the most commonly transmitted HPV types, may reduce the number of HPV-induced cancers. 

Cervical cancer is most often caused by a virus called human papillomavirus (HPV). The time between the initial HPV infection and the development of cervical cancer usually develops over decades.

HPV infection usually occurs asymptomatically and is determined by chance during PAP prophylaxis and / or HPV-DNA test, where only this HPV-DNA test can unequivocally prove the existing infection. Undefined and untreated by a doctor, HPV infection can cause cervical cancer. Unfortunately, the symptoms of cervical cancer are nonspecific. Complaints usually occur when the disease is in an advanced stage. This type of cancer can be prevented through prevention, as well as be successfully treated, if detected at an early stage.

Prophylactic examinations and research are of paramount importance, as in modern diagnostics the combination of cervical cytology with DNA tests to prove the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the cervix increases the reliability and informative value of prophylactic research.

a) Genital HPV infections

Human papillomavirus is one of the most prevalent viruses transmitted mainly through sexual contact.

More than 40 types of sexually transmitted HPV types are known, as only a fraction of them have proven oncogenic potential and therefore these viral types are grouped into a separate group of high-risk viral types. Infection with high-risk types of HPV, known as carcinogens, is a major condition for the further development and development of cervical cancer.

Other viral types are associated with benign or low-risk cervical cell changes and / or genital warts, which is why they are included as members of the low-risk viral type.

Classification of HPV viral types according to their cervical oncogenicity

Big-danger conditions: Sixteen, Eighteen, Thirty one, Thirty three, Thirty five, Thirty nin, Forty five, Fifty, Fifty two, Fifty six, fifty eight, fifty nine, sixty six, sixty eight

medium risk types: 53, 73, 81, 82

low risk types: 6, 11, 42, 43, 44, 40, 61, 54, 55, 70, 57, 71, 72, 84, 26

b) Liquid-based PAP tests

The PAP test is a medical examination for early detection and diagnosis of cervical cancer. This type of cancer is the only malignant tumor with a proven viral etiology caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV). In modern diagnostics, combining cervical cytology with a DNA test to determine the presence of a high-risk type of HPV increases the effectiveness of prophylactic tests for cervical cancer.

Liquid-based cytology is the first real improvement of the traditional PAP test and is the modern gold standard in cervical cytology. This new test provides a new level of reliability and accuracy of the obtained results, which is conditioned by the following improvements:

In the doctor's office:

o Samples are taken with a brush or brush and spatula and the collected cells are transferred to a container with a liquid medium.

o 100% of the exfoliated cells are released into the vessel with a liquid medium and subsequently analyzed.

In the laboratory (The device processes the taken samples where it performs):

o Homogenization of cellular material in the fluid and does not allow the formation of accumulation of cells.

o Distributes cells in a thin monolayer.

o Removes blood, mucus and other artifacts.

o Dramatically improves the quality of the preparation.