skin disease fungal infection symtoms and treatment

 The medical content is for reference only and cannot be regarded as the basis for medical treatment

In medicine, skin diseases are skin-related diseases and are one of the common and frequently-occurring diseases that seriously affect people's health, such as leprosy, scabies, fungal diseases, and bacterial skin infections. Dermatopathy is that after the skin (including hair and nails) is affected by internal and external factors, its morphology, structure and function will change, resulting in pathological processes, and corresponding clinical manifestations. The incidence of skin diseases is very high, most of them are relatively mild and often do not affect health, but a few are more serious and can even be life-threatening.

The main symptoms

Macularities, nodules, papules, plaques, cysts, bullae

Main cause

Infection, heredity, allergy

Multiple groups

Immunocompromised

Infectious

Contagious

way for spreading

Bacteria, blood, allergies

Green therapy

Hygiene Cream

Treatment characteristics

Convenient and safe

Principles of Treatment

Dispel wind and dampness, clear away heat and detoxify

table of Contents

1 symptoms and signs

2 treatment methods

3 diet health

4 preventive care

5 Pathological causes

6 Disease diagnosis

7 inspection methods

Symptoms and signs of this paragraph

Skin disease symptoms:

1 The rashes are wind masses and flushing spots, which vary in size and shape. It often occurs suddenly, in batches, and then quickly fades after a few hours, leaving no traces after it fades, but often recurring;

2 Conscious itching, may be accompanied by abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and chest tightness, heart palpitations, difficulty breathing, a few have fever, joint swelling, hypotension, shock, laryngeal edema and suffocation symptoms;

3 The course of the disease varies in length. The course of acute urticaria is less than 1 month; more than 1 month is chronic;

4 Some cases of skin scratch test were positive; 　

5 Varicella: According to clinical manifestations, it belongs to the vesicular type; according to the characteristics of the virus, it is caused by DNA virus-small herpes virus-varicella-zoster virus. The prodromal period is short, and the rash will appear within 24 hours. The rash first started on the trunk and gradually spread to the head, face and limbs, showing a centripetal distribution. At first it is a red needle-sized macula, then quickly becomes a papule. After a few hours, it becomes a mung bean-sized blister, which can be oval, with thin and easily broken walls. It will dry and scab in 2-3 days. Later, the scab will be healed. 2 weeks. The abnormalities seen in pediatrics are bullous varicella and neonatal varicella. Occasionally, rare complications such as varicella encephalitis, pneumonia, acute encephalopathy, etc. (we have rescued many cases of varicella with severe encephalitis in the 1960s and 1980s, which are almost never seen).

6 Measles: According to the type of virus, it is caused by RNA virus-mucus virus-measles virus. It is more common in children under 5 years old. The incubation period is 9-11 days. The prodromal period is usually about 3 days. The fever increases and the symptoms of catarrh are obvious. The site of the rash is from behind the ears-face and neck-chest back-limbs. The shape of the rash is rose-colored macules or papules, and normal skin can be seen between the rashes. Internal rash may also appear, that is, koplik spots on the buccal mucosa 1-2 days after the onset. Often associated with bronchial pneumonia, laryngitis, enteritis, encephalitis, cardiac insufficiency, etc., the course of the disease is 10-14 days.

7 Rubella: It is caused by small DNA rubella virus, mostly in young children. The incubation period is 5-20 days. There may be mild fever before the onset. The rash may range from the face to the trunk to the limbs. The shape of the rash is light red macules or papules, internal rashes Manifested as soft palate macules or petechiae, combined with cervical and posterior occipital lymphadenopathy.

8 Acute rash in young children: a small epidemic in winter and spring, which may be caused by a virus (Coxsackie virus), also known as infantile roseola, or the sixth disease. It is more common in 6 months to 2 years old, with an incubation period of 10-15 days, no prodromal symptoms, often sudden high fever, body temperature rises to 39-40 degrees, rash when body temperature suddenly drops for 3-5 days, neck-trunk- occurs first Upper limbs and lower legs-face. The shape of the rash is a rose red maculopapular rash without internal rash. Combined with neck, posterior occipital lymphadenopathy, otitis media and bronchitis occasionally.

9 Hand-foot-mouth syndrome: mainly caused by the Coxsackie A16 virus in the picornavirus, sometimes caused by Coxsackie A2, A4, A5, and A10. It mostly occurs in preschool children, especially in infants aged 1-2 years. It is popular in summer and autumn, with an incubation period of 4-7 days, mild systemic symptoms, mild fever, headache, loss of appetite and other symptoms before the rash. Eruption is characterized by blisters on the back and lateral edges of the (toe), painful blisters on the hard palate, cheek gums and tongue, which are rice grains to the size of a bowl, hemispherical or oval, with thin walls and clear contents. Beaded white. There are not many blisters, but more than 50 can be seen. The entire course of the disease is about 1 week, and recurrence is rare.

10 Molluscum contagiosum: It is caused by the molluscum contagiosum virus in the pox virus. The incubation period is 14-50 days. It is characterized by the appearance of wax-like shiny small papules on the skin with a sunken top that can squeeze out cheese-like soft bodies. The number varies and does not merge. Generally, it will subside within 6-9 months, but there are some who last for several years.　　

11 Special types of clinical: 　

A. Protein? Urticaria is a protein? The antigen-antibody reaction caused by direct absorption through the intestinal mucosa; 　　

B. Cold urticaria can be divided into familial cold urticaria and acquired cold urticaria, which are physical urticaria caused by cold; C. Fever urticaria can be divided into acquired and hereditary Two types, wind masses appear at the contact part after contact with hot water; 　

D. Cholinergic urticaria, induced by heat, mental stress and exercise, is more common on the trunk and proximal extremities. The skin lesions are mainly 1-2mm wind masses with blush around; 　　

E. Solar urticaria, which is more common in women, after exposure to sunlight, the rash is confined to the exposed part; 　　

F. Compressive urticaria, which develops 4-6 hours after heavier and prolonged compression, with diffuse, edematous, and painful plaques on the compressed area; 　　

G. Water-borne urticaria, which causes small itchiness around the pores after exposure to water and sweat; 　　

H. Serum sickness urticaria, which is caused by the antigen-antibody complex reaction caused by exposure to foreign serum, vaccines, drugs, etc. The clinical manifestations are fever, rash, arthritis and lymphadenopathy; 　　

I. Autoimmune progesterone urticaria, which occurs in the pre- and mid-menstrual period and is caused by progesterone.　　

12 Psoriasis (psoriasis): 　　

A. The pathological changes of psoriasis vulgaris are hyperkeratosis and hypokeratosis. A small abscess composed of neutrophils can be seen in the area of ​​hypokeratosis, called Munro's small abscess. The granular layer is significantly reduced or disappeared. The spinous layer thickens. The epidermal process extends, and its lower end is widened to fit the adjacent epidermal process, the dermal papilla extends in a club-like shape, and the spine layer above it becomes thinner. The capillaries in the nipple are dilated and congested, so Auspitz's sign appears clinically. Lymphocytes, neutrophils and other infiltrations can be seen around.　　

B. The pathological changes of arthritic psoriasis are the same as the above-mentioned psoriasis vulgaris.　　

C. The pathological changes of erythrodermic psoriasis are mainly that the inflammation is more obvious, the upper dermis is edema, and the others are basically similar to psoriasis vulgaris.　　

D. The pathological changes of patients with pustular psoriasis and continuous acral dermatitis are characterized by the formation of large pustules, namely Kogoj pustules, in the epidermis, mainly in the upper part of the epidermis, and neutrophils in the blisters. Other changes are related to Psoriasis vulgaris is about the same, but hypokeratosis and epidermal protrusion are lighter.　

E. The pathological changes of palmoplantar pustulosis are unilocular pustules in the epidermis, with a large number of neutrophils, a small number of monocytes, and infiltration of lymphocytes, histiocytes and neutrophils in the superficial dermis.

Collapse edit this paragraph treatment method

Skin disease prevention:

1. Prickly heat: It is caused by high temperature, high humidity, excessive sweating and failure to evaporate in time in the environment, causing clogging of sweat holes, accumulation or rupture of sweat, and some of them are superficial blisters the size of millet grains, which are easy Crushing, mild desquamation and recovery, more common in babies and pregnant women, called white rash; some scattered red papules, but not related to hair follicles, called red rash, more common in children, some small pustules, It is called pus.

To prevent the occurrence of prickly heat, attention should be paid to the ventilation and cooling of the indoor environment to avoid excessive humidity and high temperature; the clothing should be generous, reduce sweating and facilitate sweat evaporation, change clothes frequently; try to keep the skin dry, wipe sweat with a dry towel, obese people , Babies and parturients should take a bath frequently, but do not use cold water, wipe the prickly heat powder after drying. Treatment can use cooling, astringent and antipruritic drugs. If rash occurs, go to the hospital for comprehensive treatment.

2. Sunburn: It is caused by sudden excessive sun exposure, which manifests as erythema on the sunburned area 3-6 hours after sun exposure. In severe cases, blisters may form, obvious burning pain, and general discomfort.

To prevent sunburn, you should first avoid exposure to strong sunlight, and you should gradually increase the exposure. The treatment is generally symptomatic, and external protective agents such as various emollients, calamine lotions, corticosteroid creams, etc. can be used.

3. Photosensitive dermatitis: Photosensitive dermatitis is caused by some people who are allergic to ultraviolet rays and is only seen in a few people. These people usually get onset 1-2 days after sun exposure. The rash mostly occurs on the face, neck and front of the neck "V" The shape area, the back of the hand and the upper limbs are manifested as small papules, small blisters, and conscious itching. In severe cases, the non-illuminated areas may also develop a rash without pain, itching is obvious, and the disappearance is slow. If not actively treated, chronic photosensitive skin diseases can form.

Because the onset of this disease is related to allergies, you must pay attention to light protection. It is best not to go out from 9 am to 5 pm every day. You must take sun protection measures when you go out. Once a rash occurs, you can use various ointments or creams containing hormones. You can also consult a doctor to choose a suitable oral drug.

4. Papular urticaria: This disease is related to mosquito bites, such as bed bugs, fleas, lice, mites, mosquitoes and other insects that bite the skin and inject saliva to induce allergic reactions. The rash ranges from mung bean to peanut-sized red, slightly fusiform, wind-like lesions, often with small blisters at the top, and some are hemispherically raised tonic large blisters. The rash mostly occurs on the trunk and limbs, and may be scattered or scattered, and itching obvious.

Try to prevent this disease as little as possible in the grass, under the shade or damp, mosquito-rich places. Mosquito coils can be smoked indoors. After the rash occurs, various ointments or creams containing hormones can be used for external use or appropriate oral medications. However, it should be noted that it is best not to apply safflower oil, etc., as this may cause allergies and worsen the condition.

5. Allergic skin diseases: Allergic diseases caused by plant pollen and pollen mites, causing allergic reactions to the respiratory tract, eyes and skin of people with allergies. Mainly manifested as paroxysmal sneezing, nasal discharge and nasal congestion, headache, tearing, like a cold; local or generalized urticaria, facial recurrent dermatitis, itching and other symptoms may appear on the skin.

To prevent the occurrence of allergic skin diseases, try to eat less high-protein and high-calorie diets. People with a history of allergies should avoid places with lush flowers and trees as much as possible; wear long-sleeved clothes, shoes and socks when going out for an outing. Desensitization drugs. If you encounter itchy skin, fever, cough, or shortness of breath, you should leave the place quickly. If the symptoms are mild, you can take a desensitizer orally. Once you have asthma symptoms, you should go to the hospital for treatment.

6. Viral skin diseases: chickenpox, rubella, etc. Chickenpox has a rapid onset, with systemic symptoms such as fever, fatigue, and loss of appetite. Children are a high incidence of chickenpox. Rubella is an acute infectious disease that is transmitted through the respiratory tract caused by the rubella virus. After inhaling the virus, people will develop symptoms after an incubation period of 2 to 3 weeks.　

To prevent viral skin diseases, take your children to public places less frequently. If the child has chickenpox, the diet should be light and easy to digest during the fever period, and pay attention to rest. The skin should also be kept clean and hygienic. When the skin is itchy, apply some anti-itch syrup. The key to preventing rubella virus is to reduce contact with rubella patients. If a pregnant woman comes into contact with a rubella patient and is diagnosed with rubella in the first 3 months of pregnancy, an abortion should be considered.

7. Tinea pedis and tinea corporis: Tinea pedis and tinea cruris are skin diseases caused by fungal infections. Because the fungus prefers warmth and humidity, it often worsens in summer. Tinea pedis manifests as peeling, immersion and erosion between the toes, or many blisters on the side of the foot, which may or may not be itching. If not treated, the rash may gradually expand outward. Tinea cruris manifests as ring-shaped erythema desquamation on the inner thigh and gluteal cleft, which is eccentrically enlarged, and small papules are often seen around, and conscious itching or pain. Whether it is tinea pedis or jock itch, it is contagious. Therefore, you should avoid sharing sanitary equipment such as towels, slippers, etc., and frequently change shoes and socks and underwear.

8. Eczema: In summer, some people's hands and feet secrete a lot of sweat due to the well-developed sweat glands, especially feet. If you wear airtight shoes for a long time, the feet will peel, itchy, and blisters if they are hot and humid. It was mistaken for athlete's foot, but it was actually eczema. To prevent and treat eczema, keep the area dry and apply Piyanping to the affected area two to three times a day. Shoes that need to penetrate air, such as cloth shoes with cloth soles. Because the symptoms of eczema are the same as those of athlete's foot, a fungal test should be done before treatment to determine whether it is a fungal infection.

Western medicine treatment of skin diseases

General treatment of skin diseases:

1. For patients who are in good general health, have no systemic symptoms, can move around freely, and can take care of themselves, they can appropriately engage in recreational and sports activities, and learn common knowledge about disease care.

2. Generally, patients with skin diseases should be given a normal diet, fasting can cause the development or aggravation of the skin disease. For example, allergic skin diseases require fasting of seafood, eggs and other foods; neurodermatitis, pruritus, etc. should not drink strong tea , Alcohol, spicy and irritating food; light-sensitive skin diseases avoid sun exposure, avoid eating milk vetch, rape, snails, etc.; glutamine foods are prohibited for herpes-like dermatitis.

3. Patients with itching symptoms should be advised not to scratch the skin lesions, try to avoid scratching and washing with hot soapy water, and let the patients trim their nails twice a week. When itching seriously affects the patient's sleep and mood, antihistamines or sedative drugs should be given as appropriate.

4. Patients with skin damage such as a large amount of exudation, desquamation, crusting, etc., need to be treated with a large number of external medicines, which are often easy to contaminate clothes and bedding, and need to change the bed and clothes in time to make the patient comfortable.

5. For patients with allergies, avoid placing flowers and plants in the ward and avoid contact with allergenic substances.

6. The beds of patients with photosensitive dermatitis and systemic lupus erythematosus should not be arranged close to the window to avoid direct sunlight, otherwise it will easily worsen the condition.　

7. If skin disease is a local manifestation of systemic disease, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, scleroderma, pemphigus, drug-induced dermatitis, skin tumors, etc., in addition to the general care of skin diseases, press Routine medical care to prevent complications.

8. Patients with large skin lesions should pay attention to aseptic operation, room temperature, and warmth when changing dressings to prevent complications, and at the same time, control the dosage